When you begin your search for a childcare provider, particularly if you are using an online nanny site, you will quickly find that there are many different terms that are used within the industry, including “nanny,” “babysitter,” “au pair,” and “home childcare provider.” These terms may not always be used correctly by a childcare provider, but it is important to understand the true definitions of each and what they mean for your family.

Babysitter

A childcare provider labeling him or herself as a babysitter tends to be a young person who is available to watch children on occasion, usually in the evening or on weekends. The babysitter may also simply be someone with limited time to offer childcare services and may or may not have a great deal of experience in home childcare. This person may not charge very much for the services offered, but if a family is looking for a nanny to take care of children on a regular basis, this is not the right type of candidate for that situation. However, for the family that would only need a childcare provider for special circumstances, a babysitter may be worth investigating further.

Nanny

A family needing extensive home childcare services will ideally focus on listings for nannies. A nanny is traditionally a childcare provider with two or more years of experience and possibly a college degree related to childcare as well. This person will have references that can easily be checked relating to previous home childcare positions and can offer a great deal of stability to a household. A family with a newborn is likely to be particularly drawn to a nanny, as she may have experience that goes beyond that of the new parents and can be very helpful in the first few months of being home with the baby.

Families can find live-in or live-out nannies, as well as nannies who are available every day of the week or who are available limited days. Many nannies will also be able to handle light chores related to the children, while some nannies will also offer a full complement of housekeeping and cleaning services in addition to home childcare. Nannies encompass the broadest category of childcare provider but the designation is also the one that means the most to a searching family.

Au Pair

An au pair, by definition, is a foreign student who has come to the United States on a specific visa to work as a childcare provider for a specific period of time – usually one year. Hiring an au pair can bring a new culture and new language to a family’s home, making this an appealing home childcare option for many families.

However, it is important to use caution when answering the ad of someone advertising herself as an “au pair” on an online nanny or au pair service. A childcare provider who is advertising her services on a listing site by calling herself an au pair is likely to have completed her accepted time in the United States (and so may have great childcare skills and references) but is now looking to stay in the U.S. beyond her visa, either legally or, possibly, illegally. In addition, this type of au pair may not say up front what her intentions are for staying in the U.S. – she may be looking to settle down in the country permanently, and thus might be an acceptable choice for a family in need of home childcare services – but she may also be looking simply to extend her stay by a few months, which would mean that at the end of the time she would be leaving the family to start the search process over from the beginning.

The bottom line is that if a family wishes to hire an au pair as their childcare provider, it is best for them to go through the licensed au pair agencies that exist and that can handle the paperwork and the legalities of the process, rather than to find an au pair independently listing herself online.

Daycare or Home Childcare Provider

Finally, when searching an online listing site, a family may come across someone listing him or herself as a daycare provider. This means that the person is offering home childcare at his or her residence, rather than at the family’s home. The most important thing to find out in considering this type of childcare provider is if the person is licensed. If he or she is not licensed, the family should walk away. An unlicensed daycare provider may offer the lowest rates, but he or she also brings the highest amount of risk. In addition, even if licensed, a daycare provider must be investigated thoroughly in terms of credibility and trustworthiness, particularly if he or she will be looking after a pre-verbal child. When dealing with this type of potential home childcare provider, not only should references be checked, but the family should also visit the daycare provider’s facility – possibly multiple times – to assess the situation.

Conclusion

When searching for a childcare provider, families must be careful to understand the terms that are used to describe different types of positions. Most families will be looking for a nanny – someone with experience who provides home childcare at the family’s home – but there are other home childcare options available that should be investigated as well. With careful, in-depth research on each childcare provider before making a final decision, a family is sure to find home childcare that fits in perfectly with its needs.

About the Author

Steven Lampert is the president of eNanny Source, an online nanny service [http://www.enannysource.com/nanny/background-checks.aspx] that brings together families and nannies. Lampert previously ran a successful, award-winning nanny agency in a major city for over 10 years, during which time he worked with thousands of families and nanny candidates. Through this experience, he became familiar with the important steps in a nanny search, which he continues to apply to his business today. To learn more, please visit http://www.enannysource.com.

When were the forms of media created? When did advertising first show up? Who owns the media?

Creation of the various forms of media

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Newspapers & Magazines ~ 1880

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Movies ~ 1910

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Television ~ 1945

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Cable Television ~ 1980′s

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Satellite Television, Internet, Digital Communication ~ End of the 20th century

In 1920, radio was first developed, primarily for use by the military, strictly for sendingHistory of the Media – Old Radios messages from one location to another. David Sternoff, the then-president of RCA, first had the idea to sell radio sets to consumers, or what were then called radio receivers. However, consumers needed a reason to buy radios, so RCA was the first to set up radio stations all over the country. Between 1920 and 1922, 400 radio stations were set up, starting with KBKA in Pittsburgh. Stations were also set up by universities, newspapers, police departments, hotels, and labor unions.

*

By 1923, there were 600 radio stations across the United States, and $83 million worth of sets had been sold.

The biggest difference in radio before and after 1923 was that the first advertising was not heard on the radio until 1923. RCA at the time was made up of four companies:

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AT&T

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General Electric

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United Fruit

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Westinghouse

United Fruit was one of the first global corporations, and one of the first to advertise on the radio. The AT&T division of RCA first thought about selling time on the air to companies, which marked the start of “toll broadcasting.” WEAF was the first station to operate this way, causing widespread outrage, and accusation of “polluting the airwaves.”

Because of this controversy, the practice of selling advertising time was called “trade name publicity.” Sponsors linked their name with a program on the air, rather than advertising a specific product in a 30 second “commercial” as we know it today.

Why did AT&T decide to experiment with charging companies for air time?

AT&T was not making any money from broadcasting at the time since they only made transmitters, not receivers. They only made money when new radio stations bought the equipment required to broadcast. They did not make money from consumers buying radios.

AT&T also started the practice of paying performers for their time on the air, rather than only volunteers, which was standard practice for radio content up until that point.

The first radio network

In 1926, RCA set up the first radio network, NBC. They decided it was more effective and efficient to produce shows in New York City, and then link the main radio station with stations all across the country, connected by AT&T (another RCA company) phone lines. (Now television networks are linked by satellite to their affiliates).

This was the beginning of the network affiliates system. The ideal network makes sure everyone in the country is capable of listening to their signal. NBC at the time had two philosophies:

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Radio content was a “public service,” whose function was to sell radios.

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Radio content was designed to generate income from advertising.

History of the Media In 1927, the second network was formed. It was CBS, started by William Paley. Paley was the first to think that networks could make money strictly from advertising, not even getting involved in the sales of radios. Like AT&T, CBS did not make radios. From the start, they made their money from selling advertising.

The rising of radio networks caused the Radio Act of 1927 to be passed, which established the FRC, or what is now known as the FCC, to allocate broadcast licenses. The need for such an organization was brought on by the fact that airwaves are limited resources, and broadcasting itself is a scarce public resource. By the 1930′s, the structure of radio have been set by the commercial format, although advertising never dominated radio like it would television later on.

In the 1920′s and ’30′s, radio programs were divided into two groups. Sponsored shows, which had advertisers, and unsponsored shows, which did not. The radio station paid for the unsponsored shows. The sponsored shows, on the other hand, were created entirely by the company sponsoring the show; advertisers were totally in charge of the radio station’s content. The content became advertising. Radio set the precedent for television, in that the same companies that controlled radio early on went on to control television.

Soon thereafter, television inherited the structure of radio. In the ’40′s, during the rise of television, RCA also held a monopoly on all television sets sold. By 1945-1955, advertising had taken over all of television. Television was organized around the premise of selling things. The entire television industry was creating a political atmosphere of suspicion and fear. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the founder of McCarthyism, which was based on the fear of Communism, and the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee, began to question people involved in television about their beliefs and associations.

What affected television in its early stages?

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Politics (McCarthyism / HUAC).

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Blacklists: From almost the inception of television, many writers, directors, and actors were considered to be pro-Communist and/or un-American.

Certain topics were totally off-limits at the time for television, particularly issues of race relations in the 1960′s. Overall, networks were not happy with the political situation for television in the 1960′s, both in terms of the blacklists, and of the fact that when every show had one sponsor, that sponsor controlled the entire program. Networks preferred to control the program, by way of moving to multiple sponsors/advertisers, where networks would retain control of the show, and advertisers would buy time in between the programming.

In the 1950′s, networks decided to eliminate the practice of sponsors controlling the shows with a move to spot selling, or advertisements between programs, as we know it today. What caused the move to spot selling?

1.

Discovery of fraud in the quiz shows on television. Quiz shows were extremely popular at the time, and were liked by the networks, the sponsors, and the viewers alike. It turned out, however, that quiz shows were largely fixed. Charles Van Doren on “21″ became a huge star due to his repeated wins, until it came out that the whole thing had been fixed. In the case of “The $64,000 Question,” the owner of Revlon was personally hand-selecting the winners and losers on the show.

2.

It was becoming financially difficult for just one advertiser to support an entire show.

Around this same time came the inception of ratings to measure a show’s popularity. Ratings, quite simply, measure the number of people watching a show. To understand why ratings are so important, it’s crucial to understand how the television industry works, through three questions, and their respective answers:

1.

Who owns television? [The networks]

2.

What is sold on television? [Viewer's time, not television shows]

3.

Who are the customers of television? [Advertisers, not viewers]

This might be a counterintuitive concept for some. The networks, which own television, areHistory of the Media – Old Television the buyers of shows, not the sellers. On the other hand, they sell our eyeballs, so to speak, to advertisers. Networks want the maximum possible profit from buying and selling time, both viewers’ time, and advertisers’ time.

The primary measure of television ratings, which determine the price of that time being bought and sold, is AC Nielsen, an independent company which provides information as to who watches what on television. Currently, about 4,000 households are used to represent the national viewing of television. In the 1980′s, only 1,200 households were used. Some households have an electronic device installed on their television which tracks what they watch, while others keep a diary of viewing habits.

There are two measures for determining a show’s audience. One is the rating, and the other is the share.

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Rating: Percentage of total homes with televisions tuned into a particular show.

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Share: Percentage of those watching television at a particular time who are tuned into a particular show.

The share is always greater than the rating. Ratings are more important for advertisers, and share is more important to the networks.

Example:

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Total households with televisions: 150 million

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Total households watching television at 8pm on Monday nights: 90 million

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Total households watching American Idol at 8pm on Monday nights: 45 million

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Therefore: Rating: 30, Share: 50

It’s important to note how many factors can skew the results. Shows cost producers much more than the networks typically pay them for those shows. The way for producers to make money is by getting the networks to renew the show, in order to have a shot at making money from syndication on other channels, also knows as reruns. That is the case when individual stations (say for example, the Miami affiliate of ABC wants to carry Seinfeld), buy the rights to a show from the producers of that show. Shows that last only one season, for the most part, lose millions of dollars. One of the most important factors in whether shows will be renewed or not is their rating.

This brings us to how ratings can be skewed. For example, if a show has a 20 share, and it needs a 25 share to be renewed for another season, what might the producers do? In principle, they need to convince another 5% of the people watching television when their show is on to watch their show; this is no simple task, as that involves convincing millions of people. However, since the ratings are based on those 4,000 Nielsen households, that means that they could convince just 200 Nielsen households to watch their show, which would increase the share from 20 to 25. This is why Nielsen households must be kept totally secret from the networks. When the Nielsen households have leaked to the networks, one way which they got people to watch their show was by offering viewers a small sum of money for filling out a survey about a commercial which they were told would play only during a particular show. Since they had to watch that channel while their show was on, this would boost the share.

Once ratings are determined, advertising prices are set by two factors:

* The size of the audience.

* The demographics (income, age, gender, occupation, etc) of the audience.

In short, the job of television programs is to collect our time as a product, which they then sell to advertisers. Programs have to support the advertising, delivering viewers in the best possible state of mind for buying when the time for the commercials comes, which brings us to the Golden Age of Television.

The 1950′s are considered the “Golden Age of Television.” During this time, something called the “Anthology Series,” where different actors each week took part in a show gained History of the Media – I Love Lucypopularity across the board…that is, with everyone except for advertisers. The anthology series format was not right for advertisers, as it covered topics which involved psychological confrontations which did not leave the viewers in the proper state of mind for buying the products shown to them between program segments. The subject matter of the anthology series was of the type that undermined the ads, almost making them seem fraudulent.

This brought up the question of what to network executives actually want shows to do? The answer is not to watch a program that makes them feel good, makes them laugh, or excites them, but rather to watch the television for a set amount of time. With so many new shows being proposed, standards began to be intentionally, or unintentionally, laid out for what shows could and couldn’t do. Risks could only be taken at the beginning and/or end of shows. Laugh tracks were conceived to tell the audience when to laugh. Programs began being tested with audiences prior to being put on television and/or radio. Show writers now had to write shows that would test well.

Naturally, this caused many of the same elements and themes to appear in all shows. This was the beginning of recombinant television culture, where the same elements are endlessly repeated, recombined, and mixed.

This same culture is what perpetuated the idea that people watch television, not specific shows. While people certainly choose to watch certain shows instead of others, people less commonly choose to watch television instead of other things. People watch television. Regardless of what was on, television viewing rates were extremely stable.

David Pakman is editor/adminstrator of politics and media website Hear the Issues ([http://www.heartheissues.com]), a website frequented and praised by many mainstream journalist and pundits.

An automotive technology degree can be achieved with many designations and certificates. The complexity of a car has required an equally complex field of repair personnel within this industry. Ultimately, automotive degrees provide the foundations for entry-level positions in the automotive industry that could lead to those managerial in nature should that be a part of your career goals. These programs are typically offered on both part-time and full-time schedules.

If you are interested in an automotive degree program you should possess the ability to work well with people, as well as the ability to work without direct supervision. You should have an aptitude for math and reading and have a natural inclination for mechanical operations. Additionally, you must possess adequate manual dexterity along with competent hand-eye coordination.

Graduates of automotive degree programs will typically have the necessary training to pass the Automotive Service Excellence exam in up to the eight ASE specialty areas. The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence is a nationwide, nonprofit organization that strives to test and certify auto technicians throughout the county. A graduate with an Associate’s of Applied Science in Automotive Technology and the ASE credentials will be appropriately recognized as a skilled automotive technician when applying for a job.

The automotive program will typically train you in a variety of fundamental automotive specialties. These will include appropriate foundations in the important areas of engine repair, brakes, and electrical systems. You will also learn what is known as HVAC training, which covers heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The program continues with training that involves automotive transmissions, drivetrain and axles, and suspension and steering. You also will gain experience in maximizing engine performance.

An Associate’s of Applied Science in Automotive Technology typically requires 70 credits for completion, which can be achieved in two-years on a full-time basis. Depending on the school, however, credit requirements may differ, so make sure to inquire before enrolling. The program includes the obvious automotive coursework plus the successful completion of courses in the following fields: science, accounting, communications, humanities, and management. Additionally, classroom work is supplemented by relevant lab work and practical experience gained through an integrated internship required for graduation.

Automotive technology degrees are designed to provide proper preparation to students seeking immediate employment upon graduation. Should you wish to transfer to a four-year college to obtain a Bachelor of Science Degree in Automotive Engineering Technology or a related field, these programs and their credits are typically transferable to four-year schools.

A well-trained automotive mechanic will find many career prospects within the different facets of the automobile industry. Graduates can choose to be self-employed or work as technicians for various businesses, such as tire centers, automobile dealerships, or service centers. A college graduate with an ASE certification will be deemed competent and qualified with the ability to locate employment across the automotive industry.

Automotive technical training opportunities are as diverse as the automobiles that need repair. When considering online certificate programs and degrees, you’ll want to know what kinds of automotive classes you’ll be taking. It is important to select a school whose training program is an up-to-date reflection of current industry procedures that will train you to successfully and efficiently repair automobiles and solve customer issues. As an added bonus, to help jump start your career, many automotive certificate programs will issue, upon graduation, a specialized tool set to facilitate your transition from student to successful technician.

Do you have children and are wondering about childrens furniture? The problem that many parents and children face is the vast choice that is available. When you look for furniture you are faced with huge ranges and all sorts of items. When you are looking there are some things to keep in mind.

Age and childrens furniture

Childrens furniture and the age of your child are invariably linked. Some furniture will be best suited for younger children while others are made for older children. Bunk beds are often a staple for a child’s room but is it something you want to have in a teenagers room? Desks are an item that is better for older children who will use the surface more. Getting your toddler a desk will be a bit premature and take away space better used. Matching furniture with age will help with safety and comfort.

Kids furniture should also be fun

A person’s bedroom is their own domain. This is true for children and adults. With this being the case it would be best to have kids furniture that is fun. One item that children often find fun is bunk beds. This item is like an indoor jungle gym and can be used to play on. The colour of the furniture should also be taken into account. While as an adult you may like certain colours in the bedroom you have to look at things from a child’s point of view. Bright colours with different shapes can be fun for kids. Of course you also need to make sure that the furniture is functional as well as fun.

How to pick the best children furniture

When you are looking at children furniture you may want to include your children in the process. There are a few reasons why this is a good idea. One of them is that your child will feel comfortable with their new furniture. Another is that it is something you can do together. Something that needs to be looked at when choosing the best furniture is safety. You need to make sure that your child will be safe if left on their own in their room. Check how solid the furniture is and how well it has been made. Furniture with sharp corners needs to be considered carefully. If your child is young then it is best to not get furniture with sharp corners. You also need to look and see if there are any heavy objects that come with the furniture. You do not want these objects to be loose as this can seriously hurt your child.

There are a lot of options available when looking at childrens furniture. You have to consider a number of factors before you choose the furniture. Age is one of these things as is the amount of fun your child can have with the furniture. Taking your children with is a good idea as they can help you choose.

This article was submitted by Simona Rusnakova, SEO consultant of 3R, on behalf of HomeLineFurniture who sell childrens furniture, and other types of furniture online in Dublin, Ireland.

The decision to sell, or not to sell your business is a difficult one. There are many questions that need to be answered before an informed decision can be made. Is selling your best alternative? Will one of the kids want to take over the business? Timing is everything. Is now the right time? You do not have to sell or decide right now. You are quite busy so maybe you will look into it after. . .

Facing the issue of succession or continuation of one’s business is very much akin to addressing the need for life insurance. Neither subject is addressed with much enthusiasm by the average person. The prudent address the inevitable and prepare. Although only one eventuality exists for us as individuals, three exist for our business: Transfer to family, sell to outsider, or close down.

As with the purchase of life insurance, the decision to sell or plan a viable business’ succession can be continually postponed. Unfortunately, when a business must be sold it usually is too late. Few people are willing to buy a business that has to be sold. Of the hundreds of business transfers we have facilitated, less than a handful could be classified as sales for “desperate sellers.”

How have other business owners addressed the continuation of their business? Actually very little is known or documented regarding the succession of private and family businesses. The information available usually pertains to very large companies. Data regarding smaller business transfers and succession is generally not available.

What are business owners’ expectations regarding succession or the continuation of their businesses?

Massachusetts Mutual Insurance Company sponsored a telephone survey of 614 owners of family businesses grossing two million or more in annual revenues. The survey, conducted by the Gallop Organization and designed by Mathew Greenwald & Associates was completed in September 1994. Although the majority of private companies are considerably smaller than the sample (the companies had an average of 50 employees) the opinions of those surveyed should be representative of most business owners.

Questions related to succession expectations revealed: 65% plan to pass the business on to family members or other relatives, 24% do not plan to pass to family members, and 11% are undecided. Only 7% plan to sell or liquidate and 1% plan to pass the business to someone outside the family. Seventy-five percent do not have a written succession plan.

MassMutual reports that their survey is the largest of its kind ever undertaken and, since the report’s release it has been hailed as “the most comprehensive piece of information on family business ever produced.”

What really happens?

Franchisors are perhaps the best source of information on many issues relating to small business operations as they are intimately and contractually involved in the franchisees’ affairs. The franchisor is therefore an excellent source of information on what happens when a franchisee decides to “move on.” Do their franchisees go in and out of business happily?

Data compiled by Quick Printing (a magazine for commercial print shops and copy shops) may provide insight as to what is actually occurring, not only with franchised print shops, but also private and family businesses in general.

More than 5,000 print shops were represented in the survey. Of that number 302 closed their doors and 93 sold. Three businesses closed for every one that sold! Of the 395 franchisees that “moved on” (eight percent of the total) 76.5% went out of business whereas only 23.5% transferred to someone else.

John H. Brown, author of “How to Run Your Business so you can Leave it in Style” illustrates the conflict between business owners’ expectations for the continuation of their businesses, and the reality of what actually happens.

Expectations Vs Reality

Expectations Reality

Transferred to family 50% 15%

Sold to employees 30% 5%

Sold to outsiders 10% 10%

Sold to competitors 10% 10%

100% 40%

From an address to the International Business Brokers Association

The above data substantiates that reality is in direct opposition to the expectations of the MassMutual survey participants. Although the overwhelming majority of business owners wish for their businesses to continue, most businesses will simply close down.

Small business is continually credited with providing most new jobs, more than half of our gross domestic product, and perhaps 65% of all wages. Small business is the backbone of the US economy. A mortality rate of 75% among this most important group is a national tragedy.

Why Don’t Businesses Business Owners Sell?

The largest single reason that most businesses are not sold or transferred seems to be that the owners never made the decision to do so. If you do not make the decision to sell or select a successor, outside forces will eventually combine to determine the ultimate fate of your business. In defense of those who have not been able to come to a decision regarding business succession, we offer the following:

1. Business owners know they are missing important information in connection with selling.

2. To take action without a full understanding of “the rules of the road” would be foolhardy.

Most Businesses can be Sold

Our experience, gained in assisting more than 2,000 business owners with succession decisions and business transfers, indicates that essentially every business can be sold if:

1. Ownership fully understands the unique environment in which businesses are sold, and therefore avoids the costly mistakes of employing traditional sales methods to sell their business.

2. Ownership recognizes the natural cycle of business ownership

(a time to grow and a time to go) and makes a timely decision and preparations to sell.

3. Those involved in the decision understand that the motivations to sell are personal and not purely financial.

4. The company is properly prepared for sale before marketing efforts begin.

5. The “right buyer” and the optimum price are identified before going to market.

A timely decision to sell, coupled with proper preparation and a comprehensive understanding of the unique rules and selling environment, is required for a business to transfer successfully.

Obtain Necessary Information

“I am considering the sale of my business” is the initial phrase we hear most often from business owners. Very few will tell us they have decided to sell. This is understandable as information is required before an informed decision can be made. Those that do proclaim to have decided to sell, generally have waited too long, and have nothing left to sell. Life insurance agents are not enthusiastic when someone calls out of the blue to buy life insurance. Ninety-nine times in one hundred that person has just left his doctor’s office with the bad news. You cannot buy insurance on a burning building. You cannot sell a business for an optimum price when you are compelled to sell. You can, of course, always liquidate or give the enterprise away. Is that what you would choose to do?

Information Needed

The following are the questions most commonly asked when selling is considered:

• What is my business really worth?

• How can I find the right buyer and still maintain confidentiality?

• Are there steps I can take to increase my company’s value?

• How long does it take to sell a business?

• Are there buyers out there with the money I want?

• Will I have to finance part of the sale? If so, how much?

• If I do, how can I be assured that I receive my money?

• What will I do after I sell?

• How much money would I have after the sale?

• What is an ESOP? Is it something I should consider?

• What would I do if I could not get my price?

• Perhaps a big company would buy my business. Would I have to stay on for long? Would they keep my employees?

• What expenses are involved in selling?

• What kind of investigation will a buyer want to perform?

We have developed a “Sell Your Business Tool Kit” that may be found at [http://www.howtosellasmallbusiness.com] to help business owners address these and other questions as they consider the possibility of selling their business.

What is important to remember is that the timely decision “to do something” with your business is the single most important factor impacting your ability to cash in on your investment in your business. You cannot wait until you are compelled to sell. Waiting for an offer you cannot refuse to come out of the blue usually happens only on TV.

Common Reasons for Sale

The reasons most often given for wanting to move on revolve around “life-style” issues such as:

Retirement

Health considerations

Relief from the “burden of ownership”

Boredom with the business

No time for the rest of my life

Burned out, tired, need a rest

Business demanding what I can’t or don’t want to provide

It’s not enjoyable anymore.

The one constant of life and business is that things will change. There is no such thing in business as status quo—it’s either up or down, grow or go—no status quo. It is best to consider selling when business is on the upswing rather than the down.

Decide, Choose, Act

If you are considering doing something, you have to approach the decision in the appropriate manner. It does not matter what the decision. The decision must be approached in the right sequence. Ready, Aim, Fire. Not Fire, Ready, Aim. In our instance the sequence must be Decide, Choose, Act.

When it comes to deciding what to do about your life and your business the most important thing you can do is to resolve to do something. Reading this article is perhaps an excellent first step. Congratulations.

Organize your questions. Get the answers. Weigh your options. Choose the alternative that suits you and your situation best, then act. The quiz found on the next page is for business owners only. It may help you decide if preparing your business for sale is a timely thing for you to do.

Take the “One Minute Quiz for Business Owners Only” found on the next page

A One Minute Quiz

For Business Owners Only

Circle your answers to the following questions, then turn the page to see how you scored.

1. Is your business less enjoyable now than before? Y N

2. Does your business challenge and excite you less than before? Y N

3. Do you think of selling your business more often now than

you did before? Y N

4. Do you find yourself complaining more lately? Y N

5. Has the business come between you and your loved ones? Y N

6. Has your business begun to level off or decline? Y N

7. Are you concerned you no longer have the stamina your

business requires? Y N

8. Do you ask yourself “What would I do if I sold?” Y N

9. Do you often wonder “What is my business worth?” Y N

10. Would you be hesitant to personally guarantee a sizable

loan in order to grow your business? Y N

The question: Is now the time to sell my business?

To determine your answer, count your yes answers.

0-3 Yes

Congratulations! You are happy and probably quite prosperous in your business. Keep it up.

4-6 Yes

Pay attention to your “early warning signals”! It’s best not to make the mistake of staying too long! Sell while you are still having fun. Best to start the preparation process early. The actual sale of a business can take a long time.

7-10 Yes

Do not let time spoil the fruits of your labor. Most great men and women in history have had more than one career. Time for you to decide that you want a change. Choose what you want to do next, and then act.

(If you are considering the sale of your business you should check out the “Sell Your Business Tool Kit” designed especially for business owners who are considering the sale of their business. Go to http://www.bizbooksoftware.com to check it out.)

About the author Mr. Burbank is President of Lighthouse Financial, LLC and Parker-Nelson Publishing. Since 1979 he and his associates have participated in more than 2,000 business transfers. He is the author of “In & Out of Business . . . Happily” – “Buying a Business Made Easier” – “VALUware 6.0″ Business Valuation Software – “DealMaker 4.0″ Business Acquisition Software – “DealMaker docs” Transaction Documentation Software all published by Parker-Nelson Publishing. In addition he is a contributing author to “Merger and Acquisition Handbook for Small and Mid-Size Businesses” and “Business Valuation Handbook for Small and Mid-Size Companies” both published by John Wiley and Sons. http://www.bizbooksoftware.com

The arrangement of chairs, the sound system, the lighting and the overall climate of the room can make a big difference in the way a public speaking engagement is received. You may not think you have much control over these items, but think again, because you do.

If you have prior access to the room where your speech will be held you should always get there as early as possible. I have never had a speaking engagement where everything about the room set-up was perfect. There is always something amiss. Expect minor problems to be the norm.

I have had many public speaking engagements where I had a few minor problems. The sound man who had the mixing board, wireless microphone and tape deck didn’t show up. The videographer was delayed with a speeding ticket and showed up 10 minutes before the program was to start. That caused a 40 minute delay. Fifteen minutes into the program the video projector, an integral part of the program, conked-out. So what did I do? I had a back- up, hand-held microphone with a long cord with me so I plugged it into the meeting room’s public address system. One of the other speakers had a portable cassette player so we played the opening music on the cassette player and put the microphone in front of the speaker. It wasn’t the best sound, but it got the job done. I had a good quality home-grade video camera there that was supposed to shoot secondary footage. It was just being moved to the main camera position when the video technician showed up. The video projector quitting on me was a different story.

All the other problems were handled before the public speaking engagement actually started. Since the projector was to be used throughout the day something had to be done and done quickly. I told the audience to take a five minute break and we all scrambled to check out the projector. We determined that it was nothing that we could fix fast, so I made plans to bring in several monitors arranged as back-up. This was not as good as an 8 foot by 8 foot screen, but it would have to do. While we were checking out the video projector one of the seminar participants was watching us and overheard my decision to bring in the monitors. He said, ‘Listen, I’ve got a video projector at my office. I can go get it and have it set up in 20 minutes.’” He did, and I gave him a $90.00 audio tape album for his trouble.

These were obviously more than minor problems, but being prepared with back-up equipment and being in the room early enough to do something about the problems saved the day. A little help from a friendly participant didn’t hurt either.

Create an Atmosphere Conducive to Laughter and Interaction.

Unless you are using slides or video projection you want the room lights at maximum intensity. Half your effectiveness when speaking with humor is realized because the audience can see you. The audience wants to see your face. They want to see your expressions. They want to see your body language. It is easier to establish a bond when the public speaker and the audience can see each other which is one good reason to avoid reading your speech from behind a lectern.

I recently attended a speech in Washington D.C. by a ‘big name’ author. He conducted a three hour slide show with no breaks. He was totally ‘in the dark’ behind a lectern. I am an audience watcher so I know he never connected with the audience.

Besides being in the dark the man made several other inexcusable mistakes that indicated little regard for his audience. Three hours is too long to go without a break. Starting at the 1 1/2 hour mark people were constantly getting up to go to the restroom or getting refreshments. Before the speech the man was in the room with three hundred people with a bored nasty look on his face. I tried to make eye contact with him when he walked by me and he stared right through me.

What could this speaker have done to dramatically increase the effectiveness of his public speaking engagement? Since I’m supposed to be talking about lighting right now, I will. All he had to do was put a soft light on himself that lit him or at least lit his face. A low intensity light placed properly would not have affected the visibility of the projection screen at all, but would have helped him connect with the audience. They would have been able to see his face. As it was, all they heard was a voice coming from the darkness.

The other problems I mentioned were not lighting related, but I’ll tell you how to fix them now anyway. Take care of your audience’s basic needs. Three hours is too long to go without a break. Schedule a short break and you won’t have audience members interrupting the speaking engagement every few minutes.

If you are nervous or scared or bored before a public speaking engagement don’t let the audience know. This presenter would have been better off hiding from the audience rather than alienating them with his sourpuss face. If you’re nervous or scared, go out and greet audience members. It will make both of you feel better. If you can’t do that, stay hidden until it is time to start.

It was a shame this presenter had no basic public speaking skills because his content was excellent. I’m sure his book sales suffered at that event.

SEATING

Seating arrangements are a critical part of any successful public speaking engagement and are especially important for humorous speeches. As a professional public speaker you must consider not only interaction, but safety and comfort parameters as well.

The best situation is when you have total control over the seating style and set-up of the room. For this discussion I’ll be using laughter and interaction synonymously. Semi-circular and straight theater style arrangements do both enjoy one advantage. Both these arrangements have the audience members sitting very close together. This togetherness allows laughter to pass immediately from one person to the other. You will even see audience members elbowing and slapping their immediate neighbor on the knee.

By far the best seating arrangement for laughter is semi-circular. When public speaking audience members are seated on a curve they can look to their left or right and see the faces of each person in the row. Laughter is contagious. Many people will laugh just because they see others laughing. In a straight-row theater style, when an audience member looks left or right, all that she sees is the ear of the next person in the row. If that next person is not laughing, the other audience member is less likely to laugh. If you change the seating arrangement to semi-circular where each audience member can see everyone’s face in the row, you will create a much higher likelihood that that person will see someone else laugh. As the speaker you will have a much higher chance of having your audience enjoying laughter because of this seating style.

Audience comfort is another advantage of semi-circular seating. The room can be set to face each chair directly toward the area where the presenter will be standing. This is much better than straight theater style where the audience members at the end of a row must turn their heads sharply to see the presentation. This creates an uncomfortable audience member in a very short time. An uncomfortable audience member is less likely to laugh; more likely to tune out all together. If the bulk of the presentation consists of looking at a screen you could point all the chairs at the screen instead of where the speaker will be standing. Do whatever it takes to keep your audience comfortable.

Always attempt to be as close as you can to the first row in whatever seating arrangement you have. Distance between you and the audience is a definite barrier to interaction. Don’t use a riser unless it is absolutely necessary for you to be seen.

You may get some resistance from room set-up personnel who are not used to semi-circular seating arrangements, but don’t give up. If you get to the presentation site early you can usually make changes yourself. Remember–you are the one who will look bad if the speech doesn’t go well. No one will ever blame the set-up crew.

Sometimes changing seating arrangements will not be possible. Shoot for the best when you can and be persistent. On the other hand, don’t be distracted if you end up with a poor seating arrangement. If you are prepared and have a powerful message, you will still do a good job.

If you have to speak in a situation where the seats are fixed, don’t despair. If the seats can’t move, you can. Be more animated and move around. This will cause the audience to move their heads to see you, thus creating more interaction and increasing the chance they will see another face that is laughing. Another trick you can use if you’re stuck with fixed seating is to ask the audience to choose a new seat after they come back from a break. Anytime you use this technique you must tell the audience why you are doing it and you must give the instructions before the audience takes a break. American audiences have a ‘homing instinct’ for the same seat they started with and you’ll upset them if you snatch it away for no reason.

For example, tell them that part of the reason to come to a speech is to meet and interact with new people and by changing seats this goal will be accomplished easier.

Another thing to watch out for is a situation where seating arrangements in an organization have been established over a long period of time. If you come in as the ‘new kid on the block’ and try to make drastic changes you may upset many ‘old timers.’ Make changes slowly and always tell them why.

Additional Seating Tips

When possible set the presentation to the long side of the room so the last row is as close to the speaker as possible. Avoid long narrow rooms which put audience members far from the speech as if they were in bowling alley. People prefer to sit by aisles.

Avoid chairs next to walls. Audience members will feel trapped. Aisles should get bigger as they get nearer the exits because they must accommodate more people.

Seat for least distraction–no audience member should have to cross more than six people to get to a seat.

Make people sit as close as possible to the front. Force them to front with reserved signs on back tables or keep chairs stacked until all front rows are full. Don’t tip chairs up to reserve seats or force people forward because they may trip over the legs of the chairs.

GET A SOUND SOUND SYSTEM If it is hard to hear, people won’t listen. As a humorous public speaker you must have an excellent sound system because most of the time you will be talking while your audience is laughing. Stand-up comics are different because they tell a joke, then people laugh (they hope). They tell another joke, then people laugh. A humorous public speaker will be rolling right along making points, showing product features, telling stories, and dropping one- liners and must be heard all the while.

A humorous presentation demands a better sound system than a serious talk. In a serious talk, words can be missed and the main message can still be very clear. In humor it doesn’t work that way. If key words are missed in a joke or story it will ruin the humor. No one will laugh and you will look like a giant goober.

The need for a thorough sound check is another good reason to be in the room early. You need to check the microphone to make sure it works. You need to check to see how far your mouth should be from the microphone. You need to know how loudly you should talk. Realize that during your check the audio level should be too loud. People will absorb the sound once they get into the room.

Make sure the sound system is carrying to all parts of the room. If someone is speaking prior to you, try to go to the back of the room to see how he/she is coming across. If you have someone at the presentation with you, have them signal from the back of the room if changes are needed in the volume of the public address system after you have started.

CLIMATE

Uncomfortable people will not listen to you. The unwritten rule is that meeting rooms are always too hot or too cold so you’ll have to do your best. When setting air conditioning levels, the room should be cooler than you think it should be. The body heat of the audience will bring the room to the comfort level. Make sure it does, and be ready to make adjustments as you go. If you can’t get the right temperature, make sure you acknowledge the audience’s discomfort and encourage them to make the best of it. Your care for them will automatically make things a little better.

How do you become a great speaker and get paid for it?

Learn the public speaking techniques that will create the career of your dreams and change other people’s lives forever. It’s easier than you think!

Tom Antion provides entertaining speeches and educational seminars. He is the ultimate entrepreneur, having owned many businesses BEFORE graduating college. Tom is the author of the best selling presentation skills book “Wake ‘em Up Business Presentations” and “Click: The Ultimate Guide to Electronic Marketing.” It is important to Tom that his knowledge be not only absorbed, but enjoyed. This is why he delivers his speeches laced with great humor and hysterical jokes. Tom has addressed more than 87 different industries and is thoroughly committed to his clients’ needs. http://www.antion.com

Ok, you have mastered the standard cooking, are you ready to undertake some gourmet cooking? Are you ready master the art and intricacies of gourmet cooking? Do you have the patience to spend more time and more care on your cooking?

The best way to master the skills of gourmet cooking is to go to a cooking school to learn many of the skills required by form of cooking meals. Many good cooking schools employ cooks that have learned their skills in many different countries, especially from Europe and Asia in particular. Look for these schools to attend.

Many people who specialize in gourmet cooking will visit and train in other countries. Not only is it fun to visit other countries, but it is fun to enhance your skills as a cook and it is rewarding.

You will have to pay attention to detail if you are going to specialize in this form of cooking. Many people who eat these more expensive and labor intensive meals are rather picky, and will tell you what they think of their meal.

Not only will you learn to cook the food correctly, but you will also learn presentation, this is vital for people to really enjoy their meals. You will have to have an eye of an artist as well as their creativity.

While cooking good standard meals is enriching, cooking good gourmet meals while demanding they are also truly rewarding. Ask yourself whether you have the patience and the desire to master gourmet cooking.

Richard McDuff has been selling on the internet for 7 years. He has a website on cooking at #1 Meals on a Budget

If you have a vintage car then it probably cost you a lot of money. Most people who buy vintage or classic cars do so not only because they like them, but because they see the vehicle as an investment. Once you have spent thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of thousands of dollars on a vintage car, you need to be sure that you have the right kind of insurance policy.

When you are shopping for car insurance you’ll find that the type of insurance you need will be different to that for ordinary cars. Once you start looking you should try and find an insurance company that specializes in insuring vintage cars. Vintage cars require specialist coverage. The type of coverage you will need will depend very much on how your car is used. You will need a different kind of premium if the car is only driven to specialist shows and exhibitions, than you would if you drove your vintage car like a regular vehicle.

Providing you take the time to look for the right kind of policy for your car, then it is possible to save money on car insurance. You should not insure a classic or vintage car under a standard insurance policy. If you have bought your car as an investment piece then you don’t want to be driving it around in the same way that you would an ordinary car.

There are guidelines for insuring different types of vehicles and you should be familiar with these before you insure your car. If you want an insurer to give you a good quote for your vintage car then you need to have been driving for at least five years as insurance companies want to protect your asset as much as you do. Providing you are twenty five or older it should be easy to find insurance for your vintage car as insurance companies will look on you as less of an insurance risk than a younger driver.

When you insure a car, insurers will want to assess both your security and your driving skills before they will allow you to take out a speciality premium. You should have a car that is old enough to be considered a vintage vehicle and this standard will depend on the company that you buy your insurance from.

Some insurance companies will only give vintage status to cars that are nineteen seventies vintage or older. You should know that policies will differ depending on the age of your car. Another thing that insurers will take into consideration is whether you have an insurance policy of an ordinary car before they grant you a special policy.

If you do tend to drive a vintage car on a daily basis then insurance companies may regard that car as too much of a risk, as the more a car is driven the sooner it is likely to deteriorate and decrease in value. Insurance companies offer special premiums based on the actual cash value (ACV) of your car, the stated value (SV) and the agreed value (AV) of the vehicle.

When you give the insurance company a value for your car they will pay it but they cannot insure you for the stated value. Most vintage car owners get their insurance on the basis of an agreed value of the car. This means that they will agree with you a value for your car and take into consideration your investment and any maintenance, and then they will give you a policy for that value.

Looking for a cheap car insurance rate for your vintage car? You can get a quick car insurance quote for your vintage car at Cheap-Motor-Car-Insurance.com.

The percentage of US households owning a pet has risen from 56% in 1988 to 62% in 2008, according to the figures provided by the American Pet Products Association or APPA. The growth in the number of households is accompanied by increased spending on pet supplies and other items. The US households are expected to spend $50.84 billion on their pets in 2011. This amount includes expenditure on food items, supplies, over the counter medicines, vet care, cost of purchasing and grooming pets. Taking care of a pet involves expenditure on buying a wide range of pet supplies which includes foods, clothes, medicines etc.

Need for Pet Supplies

Pets are just like any other family member and need a lot of supplies which include food items, medicines, clothes or houses, shampoos and soaps for washing etc. Every pet owner likes to provide the best of supplies to his/her pet. This means buying the best quality of food and other products to ensure that the pet remains healthy and grows according to its age. The best way to buy good quality pet supplies is to get in touch with specialized pharmacies that deal in household products.

According to statistics quoted by the he American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the average cost of basic food, supplies, medical care and training for a dog or a cat is $700 to $875 annually. You can buy good quality pet supplies at discounted prices from varied online pharmacies that focus on selling supplies of all types and all price ranges.

Types of Pet Supplies

Whether you have a cat or a dog or horse or any other animal as household, you will need to buy certain basic essential food and other items on a regular basis. In addition products that help you to groom and train your pets are also essential. Several types of innovative supplies are available in the market and are aimed at making it easier to take good care of your pet.

While some pet supplies are common to all animals, there are others which are specific to certain animals. supplies can be generally categorized into:

• Training products
• Grooming products
• Essential food items
• Feeding and Water containers
• Cleaning products
• Food supplements
• Pet Carriers and Houses
• Pet Toys and Beds
• Health Care products
• Books and CDs on grooming pets
• Pet Clothes and Collars

Apart from these pet supplies, you are bound to spend on vet visits and pet medicines to treat some common allergies and infections. Medicines to treat common problems like fever, itchiness, hair loss, ticks, cancer, rabies, dysentery, tumors, worms etc can be treated by buying branded or generic medicines from a pet pharmacy.

Buying pet supplies from a specialized shop or pharmacy is highly beneficial because their staff can advise you about the right type of products. You can also check about the usefulness or the efficacy of a household product chosen by you. These pharmacies also guide you about the dosage and the right procedure to use a medicine or a treatment for your pet.

You can save your spending on pets by buying pet supplies from an established supplier of pet products and veterinary medications. The best way to get great deals on these supplies is by ordering online.

All children are different and respond differently to divorce. Depending on the characteristics of the children – age, emotional maturity, happiness, resiliency to trauma – the easier or more difficult it will be for children to weather a divorce.

As a parent, you should know your children better than anyone…use your best judgment with your children during considering divorce. This “divorce and children” article is for parents who are certain that they would get a divorce if they didn’t have children and want to decide what to think about regarding the effects a divorce would have on their children.

Children of divorced parents can actually live wonderful lives as long as the parents use proper judgment and create the right types of interactions between themselves and with each other.

This article on this web page does not suggest that divorce is the correct course of action for you and it in no way should be taken as a form of counseling to you. This article is merely to spark you to think logically and then make your own decision about divorce and your children.

As previously stated, every child is different and subsequently, every child responds to divorce in a different way.

If you think there’s a definitive answer about how divorce affects children, you are mistaken. There’s been hundreds of books written about this subject and a plethora of studies done regarding divorce and children, all citing differing opinions and using different statistical constraints and inputs. But, statistics can only go so far…if you know your children better than anyone else, you will know best how they’ll be affected by a divorce.

How divorce affects children and what you should do if you’re staying married solely because you have children is complicated issue.

Here’s some things you may want to consider if you’re a parent who is staying married just because you have children:

Children and divorce consideration 1: Make sure that you are, in fact, only staying married just because you have children.

Often times people use the children as an excuse not to get a divorce because they aren’t really sure that they want a divorce or have some other fear regarding divorce. Those fears can be present due to finance, self-confidence, living arrangements, or other personal issues.

Before you really take the next steps in deciding whether or not to get a divorce because of your children, rank your reasons for divorce and make sure that you’re really certain you’d get a divorce if you didn’t have children.

Children and divorce consideration 2: Make sure ‘guilt’ isn’t the real reason that you aren’t getting a divorce.

The ‘guilt’ referenced above is the guilt brought on by thinking that your divorce will hurt your children. In and of itself, this feeling of guilt is a selfish one if you haven’t really examined carefully if a divorce will have an adverse effect on your children. If you aren’t getting divorced because of guilt in this regard, but you still have an unhappy marriage that is affecting your children, then you aren’t really staying married for them, you’re staying married for you because you feel guilty…this is selfish.

Children and divorce consideration 3: Once you’ve clearly defined that you are in fact, not getting a divorce solely because you have children, examine why you think divorce will adversely affect your children.

Remember, divorce can have a negative effect on children initially, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that a divorce will be a negative influence on your children forever.

Decide whether or not your children have the resiliency, the intelligence, the emotional health, and the support they’d need to mitigate the adverse effects that a divorce would have on them. Will they be happy after the initial shock of the divorce is worked through?

Children and divorce consideration 4: Once you’ve really defined what you believe to be negative effects on your children due to divorce, think about what your children’s life will be like in the immediate and distant future if you do actually go through with the divorce.

Ask yourself, “Can I create and maintain a healthy environment for my children if I do get a divorce?”

One thing that is a critical factor in this decision is the feasibility of you and your spouse getting a divorce amicably. If you and your spouse can go through a divorce amicably, and you both can agree to always put your children’s welfare above your own, you will be one step ahead.

Again, make sure you are certain a divorce is necessary to create the right type of environment for your children. Assure that there is absolutely no way you can rekindle your marriage.

Usually, divorce represents the first real trauma of a child’s life. Keep this in mind when your making your divorce decision. Divorce is a serious step and nothing should be done until your’re certain that divorce is the best course of action. Getting a divorce without making sure that divorce is the right thing is selfish on your part and is the wrong thing to do to your children…after all, they deserve your best effort!

One thing should remain constant…that you and your spouse will always be there for your children, no matter what.

Karl Augustine, Author of “A Practical Guide To Deciding Whether Or Not To Get A Divorce”.
Deciding on Divorce
Children and Divorce

Cats are the most popular pets in the United States. According to the latest version of the U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook (2002 Edition) there were almost 70 Million pet cats in the United States. Why are cats so popular? There are as many answers to this question as there are cat owners, but the low health risks cats pose to their owners is certainly near the top of this list. Even though the potential health risks cats pose to people are small, it is important that cat owners are aware of these risks and understand how to reduce them.

The majority of all risks stemming from cat ownership are associated with the cat litter box and/or cat feces. There are two categories of risks. The first category contains health risks posed by bacteria and parasites to both cat owners and their cats. The second category contains injuries resulting from an automatic litter box or self cleaning litter box.

Primarily the health problems experienced by cat owners or their cats come from the first category and the most significant of these risks is called Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a tiny parasite called Toxoplasma gondii which can be found in raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, dirty cat litter boxes and outdoor soil where cat feces can be found. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than 60 million people in the United States may be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite(1). Fortunately, very few people ever experience any symptoms because a healthy person’s immune system usually keeps the parasite from causing illness. However, pregnant women and individuals who have compromised immune systems, such as individuals infected with the HIV virus, are at risk and should take precautions to avoid being infected by the parasite. For people in this group a Toxoplasma infection could cause serious health problems to the individual or to a pregnant woman’s unborn child.

Again, most of the 60 million plus American’s infected with Toxoplasmosis parasite will never experience any symptoms. Most of those who do experience symptoms will simply think they have the Flu as the most common symptoms include swollen glands, fever, headache, muscle pain, or a stiff neck. For those in the high risk group, Toxoplasmosis can cause damage to the brain, eyes and internal organs. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, children born with Toxoplasma gondii can suffer from hearing loss, mental retardation, and blindness with some children developing brain or eye problems years after birth(2). The CDC estimates that 400-4000 fetuses are infected with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite each year and as many as 80 infants die from Toxoplasmosis annually(2).

So how does an individual contract Toxoplasmosis? A Toxoplasmosis infection is caused by ingesting the Toxoplasma gondi parasite. Most cat owners are infected with the parasite by accidentally ingesting infected cat feces. This happens when a person touches their mouth after handling a cat litter box, working in a garden or sand box or touching anything that has come in contact with cat feces(3).

People in the high risk group may wonder whether or not they should give up their cat to avoid infection. According to the CDC, it is not necessary for cat lovers to give up their cats, but it is important for them to protect themselves from infections. The USFDA makes the following recommendations for avoiding infections(2):

1) If possible, have someone else change the litter box. If you have to clean it, wear disposable gloves and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water afterwards.

2) Change the litter box daily. The parasite doesn’t become infectious until one to five days after the feces are deposited in the litter box.

3) Wear gloves when gardening in a garden or handling sand from a sandbox because cats may have excreted feces in them. Be sure to wash your hands with soap and warm water afterwards.

4) Cover outdoor sandboxes to prevent cats from using them as litter boxes.

5) Feed your cat commercial dry or canned food. Never feed your cat raw meat because it can be a source of the Toxoplasmosis gondii parasite.

6) Keep indoor cats indoors. Be especially cautious if you bring outdoor cats indoors.

7) Avoid stray cats, especially kittens.

Don’t get a new cat while you’re pregnant.

Safer Child, Inc. makes the following additional recommendations(4):

1) Have your veterinarian test your cat for the Toxoplasmosis parasite. If you cat is infected, you may want to consider having someone else keep your cat during your pregnancy.

2) Keep sandboxes covered to prevent cats from using the sandbox as a litter box.

3) Be aware of neighborhood sandboxes as the parasite can be brought home on shoes, clothing and toys.

Similar to Toxoplasmosis, Escherichia coli (commonly called E. coli) can infect humans thru contact with feline fecal material, although the primary means of infection is thru ingestion or raw or undercooked meats. E. Coli is a bacterium commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Almost all strains of the bacteria are harmless. However a few strains can produce powerful toxins and cause severe illness, especially in children under 5 years of age(5). Symptoms usually include diarrhea and abdominal cramps. In children under 5, 2%-7% of E. coli cases can cause kidney failure. Fortunately, E. coli is easy to prevent. Using the preventative measures, outlined above for Toxoplasmosis will greatly reduce the risks of you or your children contracting an E. coli infection.

In addition to these human risks, there are a few health risks cat litter boxes actually pose to cats that cat owners should be aware of. Just as a dirty litter box poses health risks to humans, cats are equally at risk if forced to use a dirty litter box. Since cats stay clean by licking themselves, allowing a cat’s litter box to get too dirty can cause infections when a cat cleans it’s paws after using the dirty litter box. The most common infection is a urinary tract infection, and although this type of infection is rarely fatal it can be very uncomfortable for your cat and will most likely require treatment by your veterinarian.

Finally, a lesser-known health risk to cats is actually caused by cat litter itself. What many cat owners do not realize is that some types of cat litter can be harmful or even fatal to their cat. Both clumping and non-clumping litters pose health problems to cats. Clumping cat litters are probably the most popular type of cat litter because of their convenience, hygienic qualities and the fact that clumping litters are required for use in self-cleaning litter boxes. Unfortunately, some clumping litters can be harmful to cats. Clay based clumping litters can contain the mineral sodium bentonite, which can be harmful or fatal to your cat. It is best to avoid using clay based cat litters, especially with kittens. Wheat or corn based clumping litters such as Swheat Scoop, World’s Best Cat Litter and Littermaid cat litter work very well and are non-toxic(6).

By their very nature, non-clumping litters do not absorb and isolate a cat’s urine or feces like clumping litters do. As a result, it is much harder to keep your cat’s litter box clean when using non-clumping litter. When using non-clumping litter it is important to frequently clean and disinfect the litter box itself to reduce the chance of bacterial buildups that can cause urinary or other infections in your cat.

The second category of health risks covers injuries caused by an automatic litter box or self cleaning litter box. Occurrences of this type of injury are rare, but they can happen. An automatic or self cleaning litter box does just what it’s name implies. Usually between 10-15 minutes after a cat uses the litter box, the litter box automatically cleans itself by “sweeping” or “raking” the cat waste into a sealed compartment or bag. For cat owners, injuries can occur if a small child or toddler plays with the automatic litter box during the cleaning cycle. All major brands of automatic litter boxes contain sensors to prevent the cleaning mechanism from activating when a cat or other foreign object is inside the box. However, children can still be injured if they put their hand inside the cleaning mechanism in such a manner as to avoid the sensors.

Although these types of injuries are very rare it is best to take precautions. Placing the litter box in a location where your cat can get to it but small children can’t is an easy method. This is good advice for any litter box as this is the best way to keep children from contracting one of the illnesses described earlier in this article. If you can’t keep the automatic litter box out of a child’s reach then it is best to put the litter box inside a litter box cover. There are many types of covers and all of them will help prevent a child from reaching the litter box and the cleaning mechanism. A final option is to unplug the litter box or put it into a “manual operation” mode. Both of these options will require the cat owner to start the cleaning cycle whenever necessary. Although this reduces some of the convenience of an automatic litter box it certainly removes the danger to children.

Automatic or self cleaning litter boxes are completely safe for almost all cats. However, most manufacturers recommend that the litter box be used in “manual operation” mode for cats under 5 lbs. Cats under 5 lbs many not be large enough to activate the sensors and the cleaning mechanism could cause injury. Since most adult cats weigh over 5 lbs, it is only necessary to use the “manual operation” mode until kittens grow to 5 lbs.

This article is not intended to dissuade anyone from owning a cat. 70 Million cat owners can’t be wrong; cats make great pets! So, if you already own a cat or are thinking of becoming a cat owner it simply makes good sense to be aware of the health risks associated with cat ownership. Understanding the risks can definately increase the enjoyment of cat ownership.

(1)Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet; http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/toxoplasmosis/factsht_toxoplasmosis.htm

(2) While You’re Pregnant – USFDA

[http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~pregnant/whiltoxo.html]

(3) Toxoplasmosis – An important Message for Cat Owners; [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/toxoplasmosis/toxoplasmosis_brochure_8.2004.pdf]

(4) Safer Child, Inc.;

http://www.saferchild.org/pets&.htm

(5) Escherichia coli O157:H7 Fact Sheet;

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm

(6) Stanford Cat Network’s – Guide to Caring for Your Adopted Cat or Kitten;

http://www.stanford.edu/group/CATNET/articles/careguide.html#litter

The author is a long time cat lover who currently owns and operates LitterBoxesandMore.com; a business specializing in high quality automatic litter box. Litterboxesandmore.com also offers other specialty cat products such as pet strollers and indoor cat fences. Come visit us at http://www.litterboxesandmore.com

Some people tend to dine out a lot, others tend to wait until a special occasion. It doesn’t matter which type of person you are, it is very easy to find plenty of reasons for dining out.

Of course the one time most people are most likely to be dining out is when they are celebrating something. This could be a birthday, a promotion, a graduation, an anniversary, or anything else. You can come up with all sorts of things to celebrate if you need an excuse. There are actually websites that lists holidays for pretty much every day of the year. You can also celebrate the end or the beginning of the week, the fact that you made it through another day of work, or just the fact that you are alive.

Another good reason for dining out is so that you don’t have to cook yourself. This means that you don’t have to come up with an idea for what should be for dinner (or breakfast, or lunch). You don’t have to go shopping for the ingredients, or spend the time preparing whatever menu you happen to have come up with. If you are short on time the fact that you can go out to eat is a real blessing. You don’t have to stress out over getting dinner on the table.

Sometimes you might just want to eat out to limit the complaints about what is put on the table. It is actually pretty common that everyone in the family likes to eat different things. Invariably this means that someone will not be happy with what you put on the table or you will have to make multiple dishes for the meal or prepare the same few meals over and over. You can get a lot more variety while keeping everyone happy if you dine out since then everyone gets to choose their own dishes and they can get whatever they like.

It is also the case that sometimes you just need a treat, or need to be a bit pampered. Eating out can accomplish this, especially if you order a dish that is too difficult or time consuming for you to easily prepare at home, and end the meal with a delicious dessert. Just the fact that you didn’t have to make the meal makes it a special experience, but indulging in special types of food can take this one step further.

For dining out guide, visit JP Pepperdine now.

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In all my years of cooking, recipes most often specify quantities that serve 4-6 people. That’s great if you’re cooking for a dinner party, but most often we just want meals for ourselves, or meals for two.

There certainly seems to be a shortage of “cooking for one” recipes, or even “cooking for two” recipes. Cooking for singles seems to be low in demand but I think it is something that needs to be catered to.

When using and modifying a recipe, I have found that simply dividing the quantity of all the ingredients by 2 or 4 or whatever didn’t always result in a good meal. Sometimes it was overcooked, other times the liquid/sauce boiled away to almost nothing.

It was then I realised that although I had reduced the quantity of ingredients, I either kept the same cooking times or used the wrong sized equipment (or both). As well as that, I found that some ingredients don’t need to be reduced in quantity as much as others.

So here are some tips for cooking smaller portion sizes. I hope this will help you cook meals for yourself that taste just as nice as when you make them for 5 other people!

Cooking Equipment Size

The rule of thumb here is: smaller portion size = smaller pan size.

When cooking for 4-6 people, you obviously need larger saucepans and frypans.

Why? Firstly, the pans have to be big enough to hold all the ingredients, and secondly, they have to be the right size to allow even cooking without allowing the juices/liquids to evaporate away. I call this the quantity-of-ingredients: pan-size ratio

So, when cooking for one person, the smaller quantities mean you need to cook in a much smaller pan. That way, the quantity-of-ingredients: pan-size ratio remains more or less the same.

If you cooked in the same larger pan, the ingredients will be spread out through the pan much more thinly and will be more prone to boiling or evaporating away. The end result is you end up with dried out dinners.

Quantity Of Liquids

The rule of thumb here is: don’t reduce the liquid ingredients by the same percentage.

The thing about liquids is that they partly evaporate away during cooking. Since you’ll be cooking at the same temperatures, the less liquid you start with, the more (proportionally-speaking) will be boiled away during cooking, ultimately leaving you with food that’s either too dry or hasn’t enough sauce.

The kinds of liquids that are affected by this include:

- Evaporated milk / cream / regular milk

- Liquid stock (eg. Chicken stock, beef stock)

- Juices (such as orange juice, pineapple juice etc.)

This is by no means an exhaustive list, but gives you the idea that thinner liquids (as opposed to thicker sauces) are more prone to evaporation.

What I have found works best is that you should reduce the quantities of these liquids as half as much as you do the other ingredients.

For example, if you’re cooking a meal that the recipe says would serve 4 just for yourself, then you would divide the quantities of all ingredients by 4. For any liquid ingredients, you should divide the quantities by just 2.

If you find that there’s too much liquid left at the end of the cooking time, then either cook a little longer to boil it off, or use a slotted spoon to remove everything else from the pan leaving as much liquid behind as you want.

Cooking Time

The rule of thumb here is: reduce cooking times when cooking smaller quantities.

Similar to the above section about quantities of ingredients, I have found that cooking times can vary depending on the quantities being cooked. This is especially true for cooking in a frypan.

However, it’s difficult to come up with a hard-and-fast rule about this. With experience, I’ve learned to tell when food is cooked just by looking at it (OK, and occasionally cutting into a piece of chicken to double-check!).

The problem is that although you would be cooking smaller quantities in a smaller pan when cooking for one person, the heat levels remain more or less the same.

By the way I certainly don’t recommend reducing heat levels when cooking! Food needs to be cooked at certain temperatures to ensure it’s free from bacteria.

That leaves time as the only other variable that can be changed. Again, food needs a minimum amount of time to cook properly but overcooking isn’t good either.

I would suggest shaving about 10 to 20 percent of the cooking times off when cooking for one person or two. Of course, you should check first that the food is properly cooked (especially with items like chicken or fish) but by checking early you can avoid overcooking your food. If you think it needs a little longer then let it cook for another minute or so, and check again.

Finally, remember to enjoy your cooking. If at first you don’t succeed, just try again!

Nick Daval has been cooking simple and delicious meals for over 15 years. You can learn from his experience and pick up some great cooking tips and tricks by visiting his website’s Cooking Technique page at http://www.basic-cooking.com/cooking-technique.html.

Congratulations on making a great decision and reading the article. Whether you are attending a business networking luncheon, speaking to a group of Sunday school students or attending a one on one business meeting, you are speaking in public. It is something we do everyday. Most of us have never had an ounce of public speaking training. We can either sink or swim. And when it comes to public speaking most of us sink.

I am amazed that society expects us to be great speakers without any formal training in school. All we can do is hope that we do not make a fool of ourselves. And believe me, I know from personal experience. I have been through the humiliation. I have been through the laughs. I can feel your pain or discomfort. If I can overcome my challenge, you can too.

I wish I could tell you that there was a magic pill. There isn’t. Remember, I didn’t say “Top Easy Ways.” Because there isn’t a quick fix, what I am going to share with you may seem uncomfortable at first. I promise you, you will be okay. It is like ripping off a band-aid at times. You have to take the first step. Public speaking is exactly the same thing. You have to commit yourself to taking the first step and applying the 7 Top Ways to Conquer Public Speaking Fear. If you do so, you may realize you can truly overcome your fear. So many of my clients have conquered their fear. I know you can too

Top Way #1: Realize it is Perfectly Okay to be Nervous.

• Do you remember when you first tried to ride a bicycle, drive a car or use a computer?
• Do you still get nervous?

You first had to learn how to do it. Then you had to make a couple of “hopefully” minor mistakes. And now you are so comfortable with it, that it almost seems easy. Public speaking is exactly the same. When you commit yourself to learning the art of public speaking and staying open to moving past your comfort zones, I promise you it will get easier.

I have a Secret to tell you. I still get butterflies in my stomach. Would you like to know why this still happens to me? I want my audience to know that I put my heart and soul into my presentation and into my message. I want to be my best for my audience. As a result, I have some nervous energy before I speak. However, I do follow these exact principles I am sharing with you. Then I channel the nervous energy in to a dynamic, powerful and fun presentation with tons of heart. If I can do it, you can too.

Top Way #2: Burning Desire

• Do you have a real passion for what you are talking about?
• Do you have such a strong commitment to changing lives that you will do anything to overcome your fear?

I had to connect with my Burning Desire too. As I started to get in touch with my true passion for empowering others through public speaking, I rushed to come up with a speaking topic. I chose to talk about organizing and de-cluttering homes and offices. It was something that over time I became really good at. It was obvious that so many people needed my help.

I began speaking to groups and organizations about letting go of clutter and getting organized. I did everything I thought I should do. I tried to convince my audience that I was passionate about organizing. An audience will always know when your heart isn’t truly in your topic. It is something you can’t fake. As a result, no matter how hard I tried to put on a big smile, every organizing speaking event seemed like a chore. My audience could sense that too.

When you do not feel the passion for your topic, it makes it a thousand times harder to create and deliver a powerful presentation. In case you haven’t figured it out yet, I absolutely LOVE teaching the art of public speaking today. It is something that I am truly passionate about. Remember, you can’t fake a burning desire. You will know when you are faking it and so will your audience. As a result true public speaking success may seem to elude you. The next time you have to give a presentation, be creative and incorporate something that you love to talk about and relate it to your topic. Watch for the many blessing that will unfold as a result.

Top Way #3: If You Can See It, You Can Achieve It

• Are you focused on a negative outcome?
• Are you afraid that you are going to make a fool of yourself?

One of the essential keys to becoming a confident and powerful speaker is Visualization. Many new speakers sabotage themselves with negative self talk before they even get started. You need to control your negative self talk, or it will control you. When you expect the worst, the worst usually happens. The next time you are getting ready to give a presentation to a group, spend a few minutes each day seeing yourself as the huge success you know you deserve to be. All you have to do is close your eyes and see yourself making a confident and successful presentation. If you commit to doing it, you will reap great rewards.

Top Way #4: Relaxing is as Easy as One, Two, Three

• Do you feel like you are grasping for air?
• Are you BREATHING?

At one time or another, everyone including the most experienced speakers will feel some form of nervousness and anxiety. Most speakers have become so accustomed to breathing shallow breaths, especially when they are feeling nervous, uncomfortable or rushed. Shallow breathing will absolutely increase a speaker’s level of anxiety. As I have learned from personal experience, it can also lead to an unpleasant higher pitch in the speaker’s voice.

The opposite type of breathing, deep belly breathing, has a dramatic and instantaneous positive relaxing effect on your body, voice and your mind. The best speakers know that one of the easiest ways to relax is to learn how to breathe properly. Deep breathing is a simple and effective technique for getting our bodies and our minds to relax.

I discovered this simple solution to BREATHING EASIER. Always have a pitcher of room temperature water on hand when you are speaking. I know some of you are thinking, “Yuck. Room temperature water.” Listen to me. Drinking room temperature water not only helps wet the mouth, it also relaxes the vocal cords and muscles. Ultimately the room temperature water makes it easier for you to breath.

Top Way #5: Your Audience Truly Wants You to Succeed

• Do you think your audience wants you to fail?
• Or do you believe that your audience wants you to be great?

Statistics have show that public speaking is the number one fear that people have. In your audience’s eyes you are a star already because you are willing to conquer your fears when most of them can’t even step foot on a stage. You are a Winner already because you are willing to take action, learn and grow. Always remember, your audience needs you.

One of the most effective ways to reach, move and connect with your audience is to get to know who is in your audience in advance and finding out why they are choosing to listen to you speak. So many times people get so nervous wondering what their audience is thinking about them. Instead, a much more productive thought is to think about why your audience needs your information and what difference it is going to make in their lives.

Top Way #6: Time to Get Physical

• Do you know how to use your body to decrease nerves?
• Are you open to getting physical?

When you are preparing your presentation, think of a fun way to incorporate a physical movement or a prop to help reinforce your message. If you can incorporate this in to the first few seconds of your presentation, your nerves will significantly decrease just from doing something physical in the beginning of your presentation.

Over the years, I have learned to be very creative with props, everything from hats, Lego’s, dice and even Reese’s peanut butter cups. I have used basically anything I could find that would enhance my presentation and enhance my audiences’ ability to learn. Props are essential to a great presentation because they serve as a very important visual aid. You are giving your audience what they need because most of your audience members are probably visual. Props are a great way to keep them entertained and help you conquer your fear. Be creative. You can use props in so many imaginative ways.

Top Way #7: Incorporate the 3 P’s

• Have you ever tried to make up a presentation as you go a long?
• Do you stumble and bumble over your own words?

Please learn from my Operation Oops. I have rehearsed my personal introduction; also known as the elevator speech over and over again. I know it is an attention grabbing and powerful introduction that gets results. However, one day I decided to abandon my intro at a networking meeting. I had one minute to speak and I bumbled and stumbled over my words. I felt horrible about it. I left that meeting committed to never ever doing that again. I am committed to sticking with what works. My 3 P’s Solution is really simple. Are your ready? Here it is. The 3 P’s Solution is Practice, Practice and Practice. I am surprised that so many people forget to do this. Commit to yourself today that you are going to Practice. If you take this simple principle and apply it consistently you will reap great rewards.

Bonus Top Way #8: You’ve Got to Tell’em

• Do you want more?
• Do you like Bonus Tips?

I know I do! When you are getting ready to prepare a presentation or create a personal introduction that sizzles, always keep in mind this simple and easy format for every presentation using the tell ‘em format

• Tell ‘em what you’re going to tell ‘em
• Tell ‘em
• Tell ‘em what you told ‘em”

Get started today and commit to following the “7 Tops Ways to Conquer Your Public Speaking Fear.” You have the ability to reach your true potential and improve your ability to communicate whether it is in a group or one on one. Vital to your success is your desire to change, a vision for your life and dreams you want to turn into reality. By being proactive about your future, your priceless success and happiness are ensured. There will never be a better time than now to launch your success and create an incredible future.

You can know everything about any topic, even your own business, however if you are unable to communicate effectively to your prospective clients, you may never have the level of true success you desire. For most of us, the first step is to overcome our fear of public speaking. Bravo for being proactive about your life. All great communicators are committed to learning and growing so they can master the art of public speaking.

For more information about Amonda Rose, visit HighPerformanceSpeaking.com to learn how she can help anyone move from Fearful and Doubtful to Confident and Dynamic. Amonda Rose uses the most advanced Public Speaking and Communication Techniques to help the beginner to the advanced students excel.

To book Amonda Rose to speak to your group or to request information about her powerful High Performance Speaking Coaching or Pain-Free Public Speaking Workshops, Tele-Classes and Webinars, call 561-706-7371 or visit http://www.HighPerformanceSpeaking.com and http://www.PainFreePublicSpeaking.com

Copyright © MMVIII – Amonda Rose Igoe

We have recently seen with oil spills in the world some interesting things. In one oil spill crude oil and food grade oils were on the same ship. That ship sank and was broken in two. Rescuing Oil Spill Ships we impeded as they were stuck in the “Goo” mixture. Yuk? You basic “Sea Food Salad Bowl?” In China, along an inlet water way which doubles as a shipping point to inland harbors another spill happened which was 16 miles long. We saw yet another spill in Pennsylvania along the river, which clogged fresh water inlets and extended for many miles. Quick over view of situation and thoughts on that issue from a civilian and environmental standpoint:

[http://worldthinktank.net/wttbbs/index.php?showtopic=405]

Now then such spills, whether fresh water or seawater will inhibit our use of ships and transportation. When this happens it stops the flow of all we know and it effects and disrupts our civilization as we know it. One tactic the US has used quite effectively is a “blockade” to serve our political will and as another chess move in the game or alternative to war. In the event of a hostile action using a naval attack on our country or to further our modern blockade abilities in time of war, we should consider what I call: “Operation Salad Bowl”. Operation Salad Bowl is a mixture of a crude oil spill mixed with food grade oils on the open sea in front of the advancing threat.

“Lance Winslow” – Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; www.WorldThinkTank.net/. Lance is an online writer in retirement.

Are you looking for a personalized pet blanket? Do you want a blanket with your dog’s name on it? Do you need a blanket with your cat’s name on it for a gift? Personalize that blanket with these tips.

People really don’t mind spending for their pets. At least, that’s what the pet lovers at the Animal Pet Products Manufacturing Association (APPMA) say. Pet product manufacturing is a $35 billion per year industry. Who would have ever thought that people could spend so much on pets?

Well, if you are a pet lover too, then you might understand the feeling. Pet owners typically spend $250 on their pets – for items that can be personalized. These items include blankets leashes, pet bowls, and others.

Pets are more like family members nowadays. There are even people who get offended when their pets are referred to as an ‘it’. They would rather that they be called a ‘he’ or a ‘she’. Each pet is unique and has an endearing personality that is his or hers alone.

This has led to an increase in the need for veterinarians, pet grooming stores, and other services (and who hasn’t heard of the pet hotels stars get to pets in). Given this, giving pets gifts has become extremely fad. And building on that thought, giving friends gifts intended for their pets has become a fad as well.

Blankets are a great choice for pets nowadays – especially ones that can be personalized. If you are looking to give a friend a gift for their pets, a personalized blanket can be the epitome of thoughtfulness and generosity.

1. Pet blankets are an intimate gift. Pet blankets make perfect gifts because they show the recipients that you have an intimate knowledge of their loves – in this case, the pet. Also, knowing the pet’s name, and having the name embroidered on the blanket shows your interest in the things the person loves.

You could also consider getting matching stuff for the pet and the owner. Such gifts are hard to ignore and aside from actually being useful, they gain a great deal of sentimental significance immediately.

2. Pet blankets bring a great measure of comfort to the pet. Loving your pet means giving him or her the best that money can buy. And no self-respecting pet owner would like to give anything to their pet that wasn’t unique. This is where pet blankets come in.

While most pets can basically live without blankets – their ancestors used to live out in the wild, remember – they make cold, drafty nights a lot more bearable. You wouldn’t want your pet to lay shivering in the cold.

Blankets can assure your pet a good nights rest uninterrupted by the weather. They sleep with a greater sense of comfort and security. That is more that what most pet owners could ask for.

You will find out that pets easily warm up to their blankets. They learn to use them instinctively, draping themselves when it gets too cold, and snuggling in them for warmth. And since it is personalized, no one else gets a crack at the blanket – it’s theirs.

In cold temperatures, the blanket would certainly make a great team with a pet bed warmer to help distribute body warmth better. Your pet’s bed is never complete without one.

3. Blankets can be tailor made for your pet. If your pet likes its blanket heavy-duty warm, then you can get them a blanket that does this. If your pet loves to laze on soft cushions and velvety smooth lambskin or chenille, then you can get them that too. There is so much choice on the pet supplies market that you will never be at a loss for choices for your pet.

4. Pet blankets are usually easy to clean. You could look for pet blankets that do not soil as easily. Unlike in the olden days, people are no longer restricted to plain cotton or wool. Technology has made great leaps and bounds towards creating materials that fit the specific needs of pets and pet owners.

These blankets are durable. They keep the pet warm. And they also are very easy to maintain and clean. What more could you ask for in a pet supply that is definitely a must in your home?

Conclusion

Personalized pet blankets should be a staple of any pet owner’s supplies. It is good for the dog and it is good for the owner. It’s a match made in heaven!

Looking for a pet car seat cover? Pet blankets are great but you need to keep your vehicle clean. Keep hair off the seats. Prevent stains and don’t let your dog or cat ruin the seat. Learn more about pet car seat covers right now: http://www.pet-comfort-products.com/pet-car-seat-cover.html.

Are you in the market for a dog trainer? Do you want your dog to learn from a top notch certified dog trainer? You may have dreams of seeing your dog in professional dog competitions and shows. Therefore, you need to have your dog trained by a certified dog trainer to ensure the best results.

Why should you hire a certified dog trainer instead of a basic dog trainer? A certified dog trainer is one that takes their dog training career seriously enough to become certified. You can feel comfortable in the fact that they have met high dog training standards and passed certification exams and tests. You don’t want a fly-by-night dog trainer, but a certified dog trainer that is in it for the long haul.

How do you find a certified dog trainer? There are numerous dog trainers available in the market place today. Dog trainers range in age, skill level, and experience. Your neighbor might tell you that they are a dog trainer because they have read a few books on the subject and taught their dog to fetch the newspaper. This is not sufficient dog training experience.

You should consult a variety of resources. Try asking your dog breeder, groomer, and veterinarian. They can direct you to local dog training schools that have certified dog trainers on their faculty. Various pet supply stores have dog training programs that train and certify their dog trainers. Example pet supply stores include PETCO.

However, research what they mean by “certification”. Is the certification by PETCO standards only or by a universal certification? Find out what the requirements are for their certified dog trainers. Only then can you determine if their dog trainers will supply the skill level and experience you desire.

You need to find a dog trainer that has had comprehensive training and can proudly demonstrate that they are a certified dog trainer. Be aware, though, that there are many “certified dog training” schools and home correspondence courses available. Not all of these schools are credible nor do they provide proper instruction. You need to find a dog trainer that has certification as described by the Certification Council for Pet Dog Trainers.

The Certification Council for Pet Dog Trainers is a well respected organization that provides testing and certification services for dog trainers. They administer specific dog training tests in various states around the country approximately twice per year. These intensive tests root out the professional dog trainer from the average dog trainer. Check out their website at: http://www.ccpdt.org/.

The Certification Council for Pet Dog Trainers also provides a listing of certified dog trainers. You can search through this listing to find a certified dog trainer in your area. This roster of certified dog trainers comprises certified dog trainers all over the world. The certified dog trainer list will give you their contact information including name, city, phone number, and e-mail address. Another great feature is that they list the date the dog trainer became certified. This will let you know how many years they have been in the dog training business. Peruse the list at: [http://ccpdt.org/rstr/index.html].

Certified pet trainers do not only need to pass a certification exam and testing, they must also continue their education through workshops, conferences, and other means. When selecting a certified dog trainer ask them about the extent of their continuing education. You want a certified dog trainer that continues to hone their craft. They should actively learning about various dog training methods. This demonstrates that they are committed to providing the best dog training.

A certified dog trainer should have at least three to five years of dog training experience. This is especially true if they charge higher fees. You can take the plunge with a newly certified dog trainer if cost is an issue. Newly certified dog trainers may charge lower rates in order to establish a list of clients and garner experience. “Master” certified dog trainers are those that have twenty to thirty years of experience. They may have great skill and in depth background experience, but may come at a higher price.

You have the beginning knowledge regarding finding a certified dog trainer. Spend time searching resources available through your dog breeder, veterinarian, and pet supply store. Scour the book store, library, and Internet for detailed information. You can find a certified dog trainer in your area as well.

You wouldn’t go to an unlicensed doctor would you? So why would go to a trainer that is not certified? Certified dog trainers are out there and ready to help you and your pooch learn valuable skills. They are committed to your dog, their career, and learning everything they can about becoming a top notch dog trainer. Who knows, your certified dog trainer may help your dog win the Westminster dog show. Not only would your dog be trained well and achieve glory, but the expense would be well worth it.

Visit the dog products [http://www.dog-breeds-infosite.com] website to research dog breeds & get free tips on dog training, dog health, dog grooming & how to find dog sitters & dog walkers.

For those starting out in bowling who have a good score, it is possible for them to consider trying their skills in an amateur bowling tournament. It not only brings about a confidence but also pays out a good amount in prizes. The amateur tournament is made up of two divisions and has many breaks for those with handicaps.

The amateur bowling tournament started in the later months of 1977. It was created to unite bowlers of all skill levels into one great tournament. They realized that not all bowlers could throw a 200 or higher game and thus is the reason behind the amateur tournament. Not only can you find the amateur bowling tournament in North America but also internationally. This brings together other nationalities with a love of bowling. There is also a senior amateur bowling tournament for those over the age of sixty who still have the bowling spark in them also.

The amateur bowling tournament is no one of the largest tournaments around. It is the only bowling club that gives those participating assurance of winning a minimum amount. Depending on which branch of the amateur bowling tournament participated in will decide what prize is won. It also determines the amount of players participating in each division.

The amateur bowling tournament office is located in California and has since branched out to other areas of the country. This allows for more people to join in the amateur bowling tournament than in the past. There is a Masters Division and a Classic Division in the amateur bowling tournament. Your score will determine what amateur bowling tournament division you participate in. Most amateur bowling players fall into the classic division.

The amateur bowling tournament is designed for those who are bowling under 200 but may allow those with a 220 average in. The Masters Division was originally designed for those joining the amateur bowling tournament having a 190 to 220 average. This was eventually raised to those with a 225. The classic division in the amateur bowling tournament is was originally for those bowling with a 189 or lower but has since been raised to 199 or less.

Since its beginning, the amateur bowling tournament has paid out in the hundreds of millions of dollars for prizes. This means the amateur bowling tournament has paid out more than any other bowling club in existence. This amateur bowling tournament payout is even higher than the professional bowlers association that has been around for half a century. The amateur bowling tournament has only been happening for a quarter of a century. This is a feat within itself.

If you are really into the sport of bowling, you should consider trying your luck with an amateur bowling tournament. You may find that your skills are better than you thought they were. You can also learn a great deal from those who have participated in the amateur bowling tournament in previous years. Being in an amateur bowling tournament will not only be exciting but lots of fun also.

Jordan Matthews is an internet entrepreneur with a 239 average, who enjoys bowling at local ABT tournaments every weekend. Visit Jordan’s Bowling Website for more information about bowling in tournaments and improving your scores.

Fly fishing is an old exercise, over the centuries, the fishers and manufacturers have developed a lot of knowledge about the design of fly fishing equipments. This exercise beginning at the time of the Roman Empire, and till now the basics haven’t changed. The superior thing to do is to learn about fly fishing equipment and how all of the parts works before a person become one in the quest for catching variety type of fishes.

Using Fly Fishing Equipment

It is very important that you select equipment that is well fit to the particular fishing situation. While a particular fly rod might be used in different or special situations, its’ range of applications is very far narrower that a spinning rod. If one really wants to be familiar with about the equipment used for fly they should engage a fishing instructor or guide that is proficient in fly fishing equipment and have them teach the person what they need to know. By the ways, certain parts of the fly fishing equipment can be very costly but it’s a needed and part of learning to fly fishing.

More about Fly Fishing Equipment

When you want to try fly fishing for species other than trout, the rod and reel must be heavier but just as important is that the lure will be dissimilar. One can’t fish with spinner baits with a fly rod or plastic worms, but in the market there are baits that are sold for specific use with a fly rod. There are many smaller cork top water types of bait. Some look like a frog or other amphibians and aquatic reptiles. The difference between fly fishing lures and regular lures is easy to tell. The fly fishing equipment is a lot lighter than conventional baits. The action of the bait is imitated with the fly rod in a popping manner that will attract fish to the lure.

Following will explore some of equipment options. Although this may look quite basic, but I ensure you will learn something new and interesting.

Choose the Best Gear

With fly-fishing equipment, you have to choose the correct gear with the type of fishing in your mind. In order to do this, you need to study the basic gear that every fly fisherman, whether deep-sea fishing, going out to a local creek, lakes, rivers or streams, it is composed of the following components: the rod, reel, line, and of course the almighty fly.

The Rod

The rod is one of the most unique parts of fly fishing gear. It is longer and more flexible than your normal fishing pole, sometimes more than twice as long as the normal person high. The rods are sold by weight, the weights indicating a rod suitable to use in what type of situation. The higher number weights, its mean the rod is better for heavier game. For instance, a line weight of one to three is suitable to catch small trout. While a 15-weight line, is used for saltwater fishing for larger fishes. The material of the fly fishing gear is usually made of fiberglass or graphite. The graphite is the most common type. It is much lighter than the fiberglass, and it also casts line much better.

The Reel

The reel is used to store the fly fishing line and it has evolved so that mechanical improvements can make it an asset to your fly fishing experience. Now, the reels can help you catch fish more effectively, with drag systems that let you to better catch fish that pull a lot of line during the fighting. One thing you may want to take note is when you plan to go fishing in saltwater, you need to purchase a reel that consists of corrosion-resistant components like titanium or anodized aluminum.

The Line

When purchasing your fly fishing line, you need to consider the weight of your fly line; it must be match that of your rod for the best results. It is important to use the correct weight of fly line when fishing. These fly lines can be basically grouping them into two groups, Floating or Sinking Lines. The Floating Lines also call dry line are used for techniques that are require a top water lure or the fly just below the waters surface. The Sinking Lines are used for techniques that use a wet fly, which goes underneath the surface of the water, like when fishing a nymph or other under water bugs.

The Fly

It is important to use the correct files at the right places. You also need to tailor your flies to the fish that you’re trying to catch, whether wet or dry. Some flies, such as streamers, try to imitate and look like the small fish that make up the diets of other fish, while others, like midges and mayflies and attempt to resemble the surface insects that they take their names from. With this information and other pieces of fly fishing gear provided above, if you purchase based on what type of fish you trying to catch, it will definitely increase your successful rate.

Cindy Heller is a professional writer. Visit Fly Fishing Women to learn more about fly fishing in Canada and fly fishing in Montana.

When were the forms of media created? When did advertising first show up? Who owns the media?

Creation of the various forms of media

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Newspapers & Magazines ~ 1880

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Movies ~ 1910

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Television ~ 1945

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Cable Television ~ 1980′s

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Satellite Television, Internet, Digital Communication ~ End of the 20th century

In 1920, radio was first developed, primarily for use by the military, strictly for sendingHistory of the Media – Old Radios messages from one location to another. David Sternoff, the then-president of RCA, first had the idea to sell radio sets to consumers, or what were then called radio receivers. However, consumers needed a reason to buy radios, so RCA was the first to set up radio stations all over the country. Between 1920 and 1922, 400 radio stations were set up, starting with KBKA in Pittsburgh. Stations were also set up by universities, newspapers, police departments, hotels, and labor unions.

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By 1923, there were 600 radio stations across the United States, and $83 million worth of sets had been sold.

The biggest difference in radio before and after 1923 was that the first advertising was not heard on the radio until 1923. RCA at the time was made up of four companies:

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AT&T

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General Electric

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United Fruit

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Westinghouse

United Fruit was one of the first global corporations, and one of the first to advertise on the radio. The AT&T division of RCA first thought about selling time on the air to companies, which marked the start of “toll broadcasting.” WEAF was the first station to operate this way, causing widespread outrage, and accusation of “polluting the airwaves.”

Because of this controversy, the practice of selling advertising time was called “trade name publicity.” Sponsors linked their name with a program on the air, rather than advertising a specific product in a 30 second “commercial” as we know it today.

Why did AT&T decide to experiment with charging companies for air time?

AT&T was not making any money from broadcasting at the time since they only made transmitters, not receivers. They only made money when new radio stations bought the equipment required to broadcast. They did not make money from consumers buying radios.

AT&T also started the practice of paying performers for their time on the air, rather than only volunteers, which was standard practice for radio content up until that point.

The first radio network

In 1926, RCA set up the first radio network, NBC. They decided it was more effective and efficient to produce shows in New York City, and then link the main radio station with stations all across the country, connected by AT&T (another RCA company) phone lines. (Now television networks are linked by satellite to their affiliates).

This was the beginning of the network affiliates system. The ideal network makes sure everyone in the country is capable of listening to their signal. NBC at the time had two philosophies:

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Radio content was a “public service,” whose function was to sell radios.

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Radio content was designed to generate income from advertising.

History of the Media In 1927, the second network was formed. It was CBS, started by William Paley. Paley was the first to think that networks could make money strictly from advertising, not even getting involved in the sales of radios. Like AT&T, CBS did not make radios. From the start, they made their money from selling advertising.

The rising of radio networks caused the Radio Act of 1927 to be passed, which established the FRC, or what is now known as the FCC, to allocate broadcast licenses. The need for such an organization was brought on by the fact that airwaves are limited resources, and broadcasting itself is a scarce public resource. By the 1930′s, the structure of radio have been set by the commercial format, although advertising never dominated radio like it would television later on.

In the 1920′s and ’30′s, radio programs were divided into two groups. Sponsored shows, which had advertisers, and unsponsored shows, which did not. The radio station paid for the unsponsored shows. The sponsored shows, on the other hand, were created entirely by the company sponsoring the show; advertisers were totally in charge of the radio station’s content. The content became advertising. Radio set the precedent for television, in that the same companies that controlled radio early on went on to control television.

Soon thereafter, television inherited the structure of radio. In the ’40′s, during the rise of television, RCA also held a monopoly on all television sets sold. By 1945-1955, advertising had taken over all of television. Television was organized around the premise of selling things. The entire television industry was creating a political atmosphere of suspicion and fear. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the founder of McCarthyism, which was based on the fear of Communism, and the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee, began to question people involved in television about their beliefs and associations.

What affected television in its early stages?

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Politics (McCarthyism / HUAC).

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Blacklists: From almost the inception of television, many writers, directors, and actors were considered to be pro-Communist and/or un-American.

Certain topics were totally off-limits at the time for television, particularly issues of race relations in the 1960′s. Overall, networks were not happy with the political situation for television in the 1960′s, both in terms of the blacklists, and of the fact that when every show had one sponsor, that sponsor controlled the entire program. Networks preferred to control the program, by way of moving to multiple sponsors/advertisers, where networks would retain control of the show, and advertisers would buy time in between the programming.

In the 1950′s, networks decided to eliminate the practice of sponsors controlling the shows with a move to spot selling, or advertisements between programs, as we know it today. What caused the move to spot selling?

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Discovery of fraud in the quiz shows on television. Quiz shows were extremely popular at the time, and were liked by the networks, the sponsors, and the viewers alike. It turned out, however, that quiz shows were largely fixed. Charles Van Doren on “21″ became a huge star due to his repeated wins, until it came out that the whole thing had been fixed. In the case of “The $64,000 Question,” the owner of Revlon was personally hand-selecting the winners and losers on the show.

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It was becoming financially difficult for just one advertiser to support an entire show.

Around this same time came the inception of ratings to measure a show’s popularity. Ratings, quite simply, measure the number of people watching a show. To understand why ratings are so important, it’s crucial to understand how the television industry works, through three questions, and their respective answers:

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Who owns television? [The networks]

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What is sold on television? [Viewer's time, not television shows]

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Who are the customers of television? [Advertisers, not viewers]

This might be a counterintuitive concept for some. The networks, which own television, areHistory of the Media – Old Television the buyers of shows, not the sellers. On the other hand, they sell our eyeballs, so to speak, to advertisers. Networks want the maximum possible profit from buying and selling time, both viewers’ time, and advertisers’ time.

The primary measure of television ratings, which determine the price of that time being bought and sold, is AC Nielsen, an independent company which provides information as to who watches what on television. Currently, about 4,000 households are used to represent the national viewing of television. In the 1980′s, only 1,200 households were used. Some households have an electronic device installed on their television which tracks what they watch, while others keep a diary of viewing habits.

There are two measures for determining a show’s audience. One is the rating, and the other is the share.

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Rating: Percentage of total homes with televisions tuned into a particular show.

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Share: Percentage of those watching television at a particular time who are tuned into a particular show.

The share is always greater than the rating. Ratings are more important for advertisers, and share is more important to the networks.

Example:

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Total households with televisions: 150 million

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Total households watching television at 8pm on Monday nights: 90 million

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Total households watching American Idol at 8pm on Monday nights: 45 million

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Therefore: Rating: 30, Share: 50

It’s important to note how many factors can skew the results. Shows cost producers much more than the networks typically pay them for those shows. The way for producers to make money is by getting the networks to renew the show, in order to have a shot at making money from syndication on other channels, also knows as reruns. That is the case when individual stations (say for example, the Miami affiliate of ABC wants to carry Seinfeld), buy the rights to a show from the producers of that show. Shows that last only one season, for the most part, lose millions of dollars. One of the most important factors in whether shows will be renewed or not is their rating.

This brings us to how ratings can be skewed. For example, if a show has a 20 share, and it needs a 25 share to be renewed for another season, what might the producers do? In principle, they need to convince another 5% of the people watching television when their show is on to watch their show; this is no simple task, as that involves convincing millions of people. However, since the ratings are based on those 4,000 Nielsen households, that means that they could convince just 200 Nielsen households to watch their show, which would increase the share from 20 to 25. This is why Nielsen households must be kept totally secret from the networks. When the Nielsen households have leaked to the networks, one way which they got people to watch their show was by offering viewers a small sum of money for filling out a survey about a commercial which they were told would play only during a particular show. Since they had to watch that channel while their show was on, this would boost the share.

Once ratings are determined, advertising prices are set by two factors:

* The size of the audience.

* The demographics (income, age, gender, occupation, etc) of the audience.

In short, the job of television programs is to collect our time as a product, which they then sell to advertisers. Programs have to support the advertising, delivering viewers in the best possible state of mind for buying when the time for the commercials comes, which brings us to the Golden Age of Television.

The 1950′s are considered the “Golden Age of Television.” During this time, something called the “Anthology Series,” where different actors each week took part in a show gained History of the Media – I Love Lucypopularity across the board…that is, with everyone except for advertisers. The anthology series format was not right for advertisers, as it covered topics which involved psychological confrontations which did not leave the viewers in the proper state of mind for buying the products shown to them between program segments. The subject matter of the anthology series was of the type that undermined the ads, almost making them seem fraudulent.

This brought up the question of what to network executives actually want shows to do? The answer is not to watch a program that makes them feel good, makes them laugh, or excites them, but rather to watch the television for a set amount of time. With so many new shows being proposed, standards began to be intentionally, or unintentionally, laid out for what shows could and couldn’t do. Risks could only be taken at the beginning and/or end of shows. Laugh tracks were conceived to tell the audience when to laugh. Programs began being tested with audiences prior to being put on television and/or radio. Show writers now had to write shows that would test well.

Naturally, this caused many of the same elements and themes to appear in all shows. This was the beginning of recombinant television culture, where the same elements are endlessly repeated, recombined, and mixed.

This same culture is what perpetuated the idea that people watch television, not specific shows. While people certainly choose to watch certain shows instead of others, people less commonly choose to watch television instead of other things. People watch television. Regardless of what was on, television viewing rates were extremely stable.

David Pakman is editor/adminstrator of politics and media website Hear the Issues ([http://www.heartheissues.com]), a website frequented and praised by many mainstream journalist and pundits.